Participatory governance is an essential component for achieving the SDGs in both developing and developed countries. A participatory governance mechanism emerges through the participation of multiple stakeholders, including citizens, communities, civil society organizations (CSOs), government institutions, and NGOs. Stakeholder participation in the decision-making process helps to achieve goals by strengthening core governance principles. Participatory governance have different branches (public-public participation, Public-Private Participation, Public-Civil Society Participation, and Multi-Stakeholder Participation) that have impact on SDGs goals

In the contemporary world, these governance principles are further improvised through the contractual and relational governance mechanisms that operate among government, private, and non-governmental actors. Both contractual and relational governance mechanisms reinforce stakeholder relationships through legal contracts, trust, sanctions, and effective conflict management.